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logical empiricism 邏輯經驗主義。

logical positivism

The merits of the inclusion of quantitative methods based on logical empiricism for explicit definition of input errors and uncertainty , approaches to quantisation of input data , and optimisation of outputs are contrasted with soft systems approaches that incorporate more linguistic and information theory into landscape analysis 為輸入的錯誤和不確定,輸入的數據的量子化的方法和輸出的最佳化的明白定義以合乎邏輯的經驗主義為基礎的數量方法的包含的功績與將較多的語言學和傳播理論納入風景分析的軟性系統方法一起對比。

On the one hand , his knowledge background of natural sciences has entrusted to his philosophy the deep foundation of experience and fairly strong convincingment , so his ideology is regarded as transcending the category of traditional philosophy ; on the other hand , his ideology is the direct ideological origin of the vienna circle , and the birth and development of logical empiricism both have close relation with mach ' s ideology on element and the elemental monism 一方面,他的自然科學背景使他的哲學主張有了深厚的經驗基礎和較強的說服力,因而他的思想被看作超越了傳統哲學的范疇;另一方面,他的思想是維也納學派的直接思想來源,邏輯經驗主義的產生和發展都與馬赫的要素和要素一元論思想有著密切的關系。

However , logical empiricism meets the criticism from histoncism for getting away from the influences which society and cultural factors have on science 它們的理論由于脫離了科學所受的社會、文化因素的影響因而受到歷史主義學派的批判。

Logical empiricism focuses on scientific theories and uses empirical conformation and logical analysis in developing its theories 邏輯經驗主義注重科學理論本身,圍繞經驗證實和邏輯分析展開它們的理論。

Toulmin ' s criticism of logical empiricism in the early 1950s 圖爾明20世紀50年代初對邏輯經驗主義的批評

Modern contract theory : evolution and logical empiricism methodology 邏輯經驗主義的本體論預設

Studies of behavior : from logical empiricism to phenomenology 從邏輯經驗主義到現象學